Thursday, February 9, 2012

Guinea Pigs Were Widespread as Elizabethan Pets

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/117465/Guinea_Pigs_Were_Widespread_as_Elizabethan_Pets

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Wednesday, February 8, 2012

Fitness centers, personal trainers big business ... - Men Health ...

91668 64065 BUS Fitness 04 Fitness centers, personal trainers big business in Central Texas

91668 64065 BUS Fitness 06 Fitness centers, personal trainers big business in Central Texas
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Fitness centers, personal trainers big business in Central Texas

By Rebecca Rose

Killeen Daily Herald

Before dawn breaks in Killeen, the sound of pulsating music rises from a small storefront business on Elms Road.

Inside, a group of 20 men and women are dancing in unison, moving back and forth, as instructions reverberate from a loudspeaker: ?And left, and left and left ? and hold ? and two, three, four ? and right. Take it back!?

The rhythmic cheerleading comes from Jazzercise Killeen owner Michelle Fry as she leaps and glides on the riser in front of her regular 8 a.m. Thursday class.

Fry?s class isn?t the only one where clients are kicking up their heels to get fit. Physical fitness is a thriving business in the surrounding area, with large gyms and small-business owners competing for a share of the market.

Starting a gym or personal training business can be lucrative, but challenging, say top area fitness entrepreneurs. While options range from traditional group fitness classes to an array of new fads, ultimately for businesses to stay on top, it boils down to one factor ? getting results for clients.

It all starts with training the trainer.

Trainer certification

Simone Tucker is an adjunct professor at the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor who teaches classes in kinesiology. She also runs a coaching business for runners and offers personal training and yoga to a select group of clients. Tucker said a spurt of weight loss after pregnancy helped introduce her to the world of physical fitness as an occupation.

?I joined a gym (to lose weight) and ended up teaching some step aerobics classes,? she said. ?It just snowballed from there.?

Tucker, who now holds a master?s degree in exercise and sports science, said one of the most important parts of the process of starting a business is education, and ultimately, accreditation.

Since the state of Texas does not require personal trainers to be licensed, it?s up to the individual trainer to seek out certification and other training.

?You can call yourself a personal trainer today and market yourself as one,? said Tucker. ?However, you do want to be certified, so you don?t end up causing injury to a client, or worse.?

The National Association for Sports Medicine and the American Council on Exercise are among the top organizations offering accreditation in fitness. Certification programs guide trainers through a wide range of topics, including anatomy, physiology, kinesiology and other exercise and wellness related topics.

?They make sure trainers understand how the human body works, to learn about proper exercise executions, and proper form,? said Tucker.

Certification from national organizations can cost $300 to $600, depending on the type of course, an investment that could pay off big for trainers in the long run.

Personal sessions

Nancy Machado, a former professional body builder and owner of Muscles Machado in Killeen, offers one-on-one personal training sessions, as well as a comprehensive boot camp for clients. Machado, who is ACE certified, said she spent a long time researching which organization would be best for accreditation.

?We?re a military family, we move all over the place,? she said. ?I wanted something that I can take with me wherever I go.?

Through ACE, Machado is a certified personal trainer.

In addition, she holds a second certification as a health and fitness specialist, trained to work with clients with special conditions such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease and others.

Her initial study course lasted more than six months.

?It was very challenging,? she said. ?It?s an intensive study of kinesiology, physiology, body mechanics ? everything involved in being a personal trainer.?

For Machado, the idea of marrying her love of physical fitness with a business came from a desire to help people, an important aspect of maintaining a successful business.

?I enjoy the opportunity to help people better themselves,? she explained. ?I started this because I wanted to help others achieve their goals.?

Fitness craze

And entrepreneurs are finding success with partnerships and franchisers of other national programs.

Richard Vincent has been a co-owner of CrossFit CenTex in Belton since its opening in December 2008. CrossFit CenTex is part of a partnership with the national fitness brand, which combines weightlifting, sprinting and gymnastics.

What started as an Internet phenomenon featuring extreme weightlifting videos on YouTube, CrossFit is now a bonafide national fitness craze.

Vincent said workout arenas like CrossFit CenTex are dubbed ?boxes? due to their lack of mirrors and machines. Workout philosophies focus on physical ability, not physical appearance.

?What we care about is not what you look like, but what you can do with that body,? he said. ?If we train you like an athlete ? you will look like an athlete.?

From a business standpoint, Vincent said boxes market to customers looking for more than a place for a quick workout.

?We don?t compete on price that way,? he explained. ?We?re personal training in a group setting.?

Vincent said the desire for workout enthusiasts to get the most out of their dollar is driving a switch to more community-based, intimate arenas.

At locally-owned Heritage Park Fitness in Harker Heights, trainer Sasha Brainerd agreed.

?The biggest advantage here is the intimacy,? said Brainerd.

?Most chains are bigger. They?re membership-driven, not so much person-driven,? she said. ?That?s what we can offer from being a small facility. We can tell people we?re never over-crowded.?

Word of mouth

Fry started Jazzercise Killeen in 2000, teaching classes out of a room at the Killeen Community Center. The aerobics dance studio now operates out of a studio on Elms Road, after what Fry called a long period of growth and expansion for the business.

As a franchisee of the national fitness chain, Fry and other instructors are certified through Jazzercise?s training programs. Additionally, the corporate wing offers marketing and advertising support, a valuable benefit to a growing business.

To grow her client base, Fry said she opts for a layered approach to marketing, with newspaper, radio and television advertising, which makes up the majority of her investment outlay for the business.

?But by far, for us the best method is word of mouth,? said Fry, who pointed to other clients? success inspiring friends and family to join as well.

Machado and other trainers echoed her sentiment. Machado said she is routinely approached by new customers, intrigued by her success with others.

?You just start by working with someone in the gym,? said Machado. ?People see you, if you?re there consistently. They watch you. They see the client changing.?

But word of mouth ultimately still relies on results, trainers say.

?If you get results, you?re going to continue to see people,? said Brainerd.

Contact Rebecca Rose at rebeccar@kdhnews.com or (254) 501-7548.

Tips to pick a fitness program

For consumers, selecting the right type of program depends on individual tastes and goals. Programs are tailored to different personality types, and may not work for every person across the board.

Personal trainer Simone Tucker said consumers should be cautious when selecting a trainer or a particular program.

?If you are looking for a trainer, make sure they are certified with a reputable organization,? she said.

Most importantly, a trainer or fitness coach should be flexible, and understand the needs of his or her client. ?Make sure that the person is really listening to you, goals and needs,? she advised. ?Make sure they can work around your needs with your family and kids. We all have different challenges.?

Consumers should all start with setting a reasonable goal for themselves, whether its weight loss, completing a marathon, or gaining body strength, said Tucker.

?Set goals for yourself, making sure they are reasonable and achievable,? she said.

Tucker said the best advice is to avoid committing to a program that?s too ambitious, or out of one?s budget range.

?If you feel like you are being pushed into something you can?t afford, then you probably should just say no,? she said.

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Article source: http://www.kdhnews.com/news/story.aspx?s=64065

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Source: http://www.menhealthwizard.com/fitness-centers-personal-trainers-big-business-in-central-texas/

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Source: http://fuaoob.posterous.com/fitness-centers-personal-trainers-big-busines

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Home Improvement Products, Kitchen Appliances, home decor ...

Usually, fireplace equipment draw closer to the ornamental tool stand you may place that it on the fireplace. These fireplace equipments are draw on to remain a fire going and to dirt free the waste from a fire once it is fully breezy. They are typically a poker, tongs, shovel, brush and broom. The poker and tongs are used to shift the logs to get the majority heat from the combustion as the fire is very strong. Quite a few hours once the Fireplacefire is out or after that morning, clean the ashes outside the fireplace with the hearth broom. Move forwardFireplace Equipment them into the fireplace shovel, and dispose of them. Fireplace equipment will comprise some other fixations such as the door, screen, andirons, interleaves, etc. These are the primary equipments used for upholding and doll up the modern fireplaces.The stands are big and charily intended parts of knack that take a rectangular or circular bottom support and have a smooth end. They are essentially used to stock up all the fireplace equipment in a well-dressed and orderly way. These fireplace stands are so aesthetically intended that they are well thought-out further an ornamental item than simply efficacy equipment. These stands are generally prepared from stainless steel, brass, or bronze.

Doesn?t matter what fireplace equipment you exploit to help out build and keep up the fire, make out that there is a vast history in the wake of each one of that fireplace equipment and centuries of exploit has moved out into perfecting the equipment in the hands. And keep in mind that in current society fire has developed from providing essential warm up and cooking to a sign of warmth and care for shared by that entire get together are the fireplace hearth.


A lot of different fireplace equipments are used while it comes to house and keep up fires in home fireplaces and each one of this equipment has a special fairy-tale how they came to emerge on the fireplace hearth. This will mainly with the primary equipment. Also included with fireplace equipment but it is quite hard to decide how and what time these finicky equipments began to be utilized.

Source: http://home-improvements-guide.blogspot.com/2012/02/fireplace-equipment.html

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2 accused in contract killings on trial in Memphis (AP)

MEMPHIS, Tenn. ? Jury selection has begun in the trial of two men charged with serving as contract killers in a violent drug ring accused of moving cocaine from Mexico into Tennessee and other Southern states.

Clinton Lewis and Martin Lewis are charged with committing murders as members of a drug gang led by Craig Petties, who fled to Mexico after being indicted by a federal grand jury in 2002.

Petties was captured in 2008 and pleaded guilty last year to racketeering, money laundering and ordering four murders as part of his role as leader of the wide-ranging drug organization.

U.S. Attorney Edward Stanton has described the trial as one of the largest of its kind in West Tennessee. Petties is expected to testify in the trial. Jury selection began Monday.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/mexico/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120206/ap_on_re_us/us_drug_trafficking_memphis

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Thursday, February 2, 2012

Police nab Mexican drug boat north of Los Angeles (Reuters)

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) ? Police seized a motorboat packed with more than a ton of marijuana north of Los Angeles and arrested three Mexican men, the latest seizure as traffickers try to beat tougher border security by taking to the waves, authorities said on Tuesday.

U.S. Border Patrol agents intercepted the open-topped "panga" style vessel packed with plastic-wrapped bundles of marijuana at Point Dume State Beach in Los Angeles County on Saturday, the U.S. Border Patrol said in a news release.

The three men on board the boat had entered the United States illegally and were turned over to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents.

As security has tightened in recent years along the United States' porous border with Mexico, trafficking organizations have increasingly taken to smuggling drugs and illegal immigrants by sea to the Los Angeles area.

In the 12 months to the end of September 2011, authorities recorded 26 maritime smuggling incidents in the greater Los Angeles area, including seven in Ventura County. Since then, there have been 14 incidents including three in Ventura County and one in Santa Barbara County.

U.S. authorities have in recent months ramped up efforts to target sea-borne smugglers taking the longer route to the Los Angeles area, expanding the use of marine patrols, land-based surveillance, and cooperation with their Mexican counterparts.

The seizure on Saturday followed a tip from the California National Guard.

(Reporting By Tim Gaynor; Editing by Greg McCune)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/mexico/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120201/us_nm/us_usa_mexico_drugs

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Wednesday, February 1, 2012

Saudi Arabia cautious on possible Afghan talks (Reuters)

RIYADH (Reuters) ? Saudi Arabia is reluctant to host talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban without concessions from the Islamist movement including renouncing its ties to al Qaeda, sources in Riyadh and Kabul said on Tuesday.

An Afghan official said on Monday that talks would be held in the Islamic kingdom this year, but on Tuesday the Afghan ambassador to Riyadh, Saeed Ahmed Omarkhail, said no formal approach had yet been made to the Saudi authorities.

"The kingdom has a role and has been involved in these issues in the past ... The Afghan president has asked Saudi Arabia to hold talks in the past but there is nothing new," Omarkhail said.

A Saudi source with strong government connections and a senior Afghan government source said Saudi Arabia was taking a cautious approach to talks.

Al Qaeda has in the past carried out high profile bombings in Saudi Arabia and has vowed to overthrow the U.S.-backed royal family.

Saudi Arabia's objections to the Taliban's links to al Qaeda were cited by U.S. diplomats as the reason proposed talks failed to move forwards in early 2010, according to a U.S. diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks.

It said Saudi intelligence chief Prince Muqrin turned down a request from Afghan President Hamid Karzai to host talks because the Saudis "would not support such talks until the Taliban renounced al Qaeda."

"The major problem that Saudi has in mind is that the Taliban are heavily linked to al Qaeda, and secondly it's next to impossible for the Taliban to formally cut ties with al Qaeda," said an Afghan official.

Other potential sticking points include the Taliban's use of the title "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan," which Saudi officials believe precludes the movement from recognizing other legitimate power structures in the country, said the Saudi source.

FACE-TO-FACE

A senior Afghan government source said negotiations would not be possible without a Taliban ceasefire and face-to-face meetings between the two sides.

Ambassador Omarkhail in Riyadh said any move to hold talks in the Gulf Arab kingdom would not be possible until after the Taliban had established a representative office in Qatar.

"After that there will be agendas set for talks," he said.

The Taliban announced this month they would open a political office in the Qatari capital Doha to support possible peace talks with the United States.

The U.S. special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, Frank Ruggiero, visited Riyadh this month but Washington is expected to leave any new moves on talks in the kingdom to the Saudis.

Saudi Arabia has had some influence in Afghanistan since it supported mujahedeen fighters against Soviet occupation forces in the 1980s. It has maintained a close relationship with Pakistan and supports both countries with large aid donations.

Private Saudi institutions have also set up religious schools in the two countries that teach the kingdom's strict Wahhabi brand of Islam.

"What matters to Saudi Arabia is Pakistan. Bringing peace to Afghanistan will help very much in bringing peace back to Pakistan," said Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi commentator.

Saudi Arabia has taken a more assertive role in foreign policy in recent months after last year's Arab uprisings, which transformed its immediate neighborhood and threatened to alter the power balance with regional rival Iran.

Riyadh orchestrated a Gulf Arab plan to ease a power transition in Yemen, and led Arab League efforts to isolate Syria over its crackdown on mass protests.

However, it has been frustrated before by the complex process of mediating between warring Afghan factions.

Two decades ago a Saudi prince took Afghan warlords inside the black cube of the Kaaba in Mecca, which all Muslims must face in prayer, and had them solemnly swear to end the fighting that was destroying their country.

That peace was broken before the warlords left the building as a Saudi official who was present received a phone call from Kabul saying that one side had just started shelling the other.

(Reporting By Angus McDowall, Asma Alsharif, Hamid Shalizi and Rob Taylor; Editing by Giles Elgood)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/asia/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120131/wl_nm/us_afghanistan_saudi_talks

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Fossil DNA has clues to surviving rapid climate change

Continue reading page |1 |2

Surviving the last ice age was more than just a matter of growing a woolly coat. Rapid global temperature swings had to be matched by equally rapid adaptation. Now a remarkable find from Canada's permafrost could help explain how the trick was done, through a process that might offer organisms a way to cope with the dramatic climate change the world is facing.

DNA extracted from the bones of an extinct bison shows that the environment influenced the way the animal's genes worked without altering the genetic code. It is the best evidence yet that such epigenetic changes can be fossilised.

Inheritance doesn't begin and end with genetic mutations. Environmental factors can modify DNA and lead to heritable changes in the way that genes are expressed ? even though the genetic code itself is unchanged.

Brief encounter?

The big unanswered question is whether these epigenetic changes influence the long-term evolution and survival of a species, or whether they disappear too quickly to have any lasting impact.

Some evolutionary biologists favour the first option. They say that exposure to an environmental stress could trigger a useful epigenetic change in many members of a population simultaneously. The trait could then be passed down to most of the next generation.

A beneficial genetic mutation, in contrast ? the kind we're more familiar with ? spreads only through breeding and so takes much longer to become established in the population.

"Epigenetic modification strikes me as an ideal way for animals to respond to environmental change," says Alan Cooper, a palaeobiologist at the University of Adelaide in South Australia.

Frozen perfection

Before that idea can be tested, though, Cooper needed to show that epigenetics is preserved in the fossil record ? the best place to study evolutionary processes over a large number of generations.

A prime spot to go looking for ancient epigenetic signals is in permafrost that formed during the last ice age. The frozen soils are already recognised as the best environment on Earth for preserving the ancient DNA in which epigenetic signals might be found.

Cooper and his team extracted DNA from the bones of a 26,000-year-old extinct bison (Bison priscus) preserved in permafrost in the Canadian Arctic. They later analysed the DNA using a technique called bisulfite sequencing to look for evidence of a particular kind of epigenetic change ? DNA methylation. Bisulfite sequencing destroys unmethylated cytosine bases in the DNA, so all cytosines that remain must therefore have been methylated.

Convincing stuff

Sure enough, the team found methylated DNA in the ancient sample. Then they went one step further: most of the methylations they found were in exactly the same spots as methylations in the same genes of modern cattle. That is strong evidence that the ancient methylations were not the product of chemical damage occurring after the bison's death (PLoS One, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030226).

"I'm convinced, and I'm pretty tough that way," says Hendrik Poinar, a palaeogeneticist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, who was not a member of Cooper's team.

The next step will be to gather more ancient samples from before and after a major environmental change ? the end of a glaciation, for example, or the arrival of humans in the New World ? to see whether any epigenetic changes correlate with the environmental transition. If they do, evolutionary biologists will move a step closer to proving that epigenetic changes help species adapt to rapid change.

Neanderthal action

And that applies to more than just extinct bison. Methylation has been found in ancient DNA once before. In 2009, a team led by Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, uncovered evidence of the process in Neanderthal and mammoth DNA (Nucleic Acids Research, DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1163).

P??bo says he may soon start gathering data on methylation of Neanderthal DNA as part of his work on Neanderthal genomics. Epigenetics is already thought to occur in humans ? it has been cited as an explanation for the high incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among those whose parents survived the holocaust. Epigenetic data spanning a much longer interval in human prehistory could reveal that the process was key to adapting quickly to a wide range of environmental conditions during the Pleistocene.

Tracking ancient epigenetic changes will inevitably be a tough task. For example, although Cooper's team successfully read methylation from a fossil bison specimen, they could not find a signal in five other bison fossils they examined, which suggests that reading ancient epigenetic signatures requires exceptional preservation.

Tall order

Moreover, individual animals ? and even particular tissues within an individual ? differ in their style of methylation, so researchers may need many samples to tease evolutionarily meaningful differences from all the variability, says Catherine Suter at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, who co-led the bison research with Cooper.

Even if researchers can pick the signals from the noise, they will then have to work out what the epigenetic changes do, and whether they are in fact adaptive ? a tall order given how little we know about interpreting epigenetic signals even in modern DNA.

Continue reading page |1 |2

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